Many language teachers misunderstand Task-Based Learning (also known as Task-Based Language Teaching).
If you don’t have a clear grasp of TBL's core elements, you can't maximise the method's potential. Do you know what makes a task "task-based,"? If not, you're likely not using TBL in ways that truly engage your students.
Unclear tasks = unengaged students = wasted time and effort.
Here are three common challenges with Task-Based Language Teaching, with suggested solutions.
1. Off-task behaviour
Problem
Students often become distracted or engage in conversations unrelated to the task.
Solution
Clear instructions - before starting the task, explain the steps and ensure students know what’s expected. Use visual aids or examples if needed.
Set time limits - giving students a clear timeframe for each part of the task helps maintain focus.
Task relevance - choose tasks that are interesting and relatable for your students to boost engagement.
Example
In a lesson about giving directions, if students lose focus, try personalising the task (e.g., giving directions to their favourite places) to keep them engaged.
2. Target language avoidance
Problem
Students often revert to their native language when tasks become too difficult or confusing.
Solution:
Provide language support - pre-teach key vocabulary or phrases needed for the task, so students feel more confident using the target language.
Monitor and prompt - circulate during the task, gently reminding students to use the target language. Ask open-ended questions to encourage them.
Pair stronger with weaker students - strategically pairing can help weaker students stay on task in the target language, as they are supported by their partner. Caution! Don’t overuse this as stronger students might feel bored.
Example
If students are discussing holiday plans in their native language, interject with helpful questions like, “Where do you want to go next year?” to guide them back to using English.
3. Poor task outcomes due to complexity
Problem
Tasks that are too complex or poorly structured can lead to confusion, resulting in poor outcomes or incomplete tasks.
Solution:
Simplify the task - break the task into smaller, manageable steps. Start with simple tasks and gradually increase complexity as students build confidence.
Model the task - demonstrate the task yourself or with a student so the class can see what’s expected.
Check understanding - after giving instructions, ask concept-checking questions (e.g., “Can you explain what you’ll do first?”) to confirm that students are clear on the task.
Example
In a lesson on writing a restaurant review, start by showing a sample review and breaking it down into simple components (e.g., atmosphere, food, service) to help guide students.
Final thoughts
By addressing these common TBL challenges—off-task behaviour, target language avoidance, and task complexity—you can create a more focused and successful learning environment.
Good luck!
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